Thursday 2 June 2016

Zoos are a combination of animal rights and wildlife conservation

The killing of a western lowland gorilla in the Cincinnati zoo to protect the life of a child which found itself inside the moat of the Gorilla enclosure has sparked off a raging controversy. It has pitted animal rights activists against conservationists.

None questions the safety of the child which possibly accidentally fell into the moat in the gorilla enclosure. It will no doubt be interesting to scientists of another genre – psychologists – to study the impact the incident had on the child’s psychology and emotional scars of the incident. Why and how did this happen? One thing is sure: the mother of the child was not holding the child’s hand firmly: That tantamounts to negligent parenting. Period.

As for the killing of a gorilla (which in animal right’s parlance was an inmate but in bureaucratic parlance is an ‘exhibit’) The question is one of ethics: How can a custodian – a zookeeper meant to be the saviour of endangered species have killed it? The incident also throws light on the scientific insignificance of zoos and reminds us of the need to do away with zoos as amusement / entertainment destinations.

But closer examination of the footage that is emerging from viral videos on social media points to the gorilla Harambe looking into an opening of the moat and then dragging the child to a wider area of the moat. http://www.ndtv.com/world-news/mom-at-zoo-hes-dragging-my-son-i-cant-watch-this-1414624?pfrom=home-topstories It points fingers at bad maintenance / standards in zoo keeping.  

That means the child was washed into the gorilla enclosure after having fallen somewhere close-by.  Inevitably questions arise about the callousness of the parents. Ofcourse accidents happen but parenting is not just about glamour baby showers and photo shoots of baby bumps as pregnancy is called these days. 

The incident smacks of amusement of visitors in zoos, wholly undoing the aims of captive breeding and research on habitat of endangered wildlife. It is in this context that puritan conservationists are blaming the parents of the child which was injured in the incident. There is no doubt that the parents will be questioned and charged for negligent parenting and abetting cruelty to protected wild animals  based on relevant laws in USA.

I daresay the golf courses and helipads in and around Kruger National Park in South Africa and Masai Mara in Kenya are recipes for pending disasters.

Harambe, - like all zoo kept animals - deprived of its will and self-esteem had reconciled - in quiet adaptation for food security, but didn’t realise that even such a docile surrender will prejudice its custodians justifying their killing of a captive Gorilla based on an unprecedented mistaken perception of the aggressive nature of the beast.

The United States of America is known for enforcement of its legal regimes and indeed it serves its purpose in the current context of triggering an uncalled for killing of an endangered specie (a western lowland gorilla) meant to have been protected by the zoo keepers and custodians. For it had been plucked from its habitat and gene pool only to serve the needs of human activities, that too because elaborate state infrastructure, conservation laws and conniving politicians are unable to prevent poaching in its endemic habitat.

Could it be that Harambe took the child into its limbs only because it was deprived of motherhood? That was my first thought when I saw the footage Sunday evening on Television News. The need for animal psychologists in zoos is underlined in this incident. Had there been a trained animal psychologist at hand; if the zoo had maintained records of its weight and diet, tranquilising would have been easier and more instantly effective than killing.

The zoo director’s explanation that in the circumstances it was the right thing to do, begs answers to the questions of zoo keeping and wildlife database management.  

Zoos have been established (and are still being tolerated by conservationists) because they are meant to be ex situ conservation and for propagation of captive breeding of endangered species, research and multilateral exchanges of endangered species for the above two purposes. Rehabilitation of captive animals may be added as an afterthought.

Zoos were never meant to be cruel enclosures to deprive animals of their freedom of movement for the amusement of visitors in the enclosures; especially in emerging economies; cramping enclosures debilitate the confidence and emotional well-being of endangered animals.  On this link (http://www.indiatogether.org/2013/jun/env-animals.htm) this author has extrapolated animal cruelty and juxtaposes how and why animal rights cannot be separated from wildlife conservation.

In the name of studying stimulation induced behaviour of captive animals, zoos, even in the Western World make animals beg for food. This not only demeans the self-esteem of captive wild animals and destroys their instinct to hunt, but leads to skewed behaviour. Genetic isolation and inbreeding are known to occur in captive animals… again questioning the purpose of zoo keeping. The occurrence of human induced infections in zoo animals is also well documented.

Questioning the negligent parents and possible / hopeful charge-sheeting them for negligence will now strengthen the case against zoo keeping. It is on grounds of ethics of bad zoo keeping and unethical custodial killing of an endangered species that the tragic incident needs to be condemned, reflected and re-examined for its efficacy and purpose.  


Suggested further reading:
Malini Shankar

Malini Shankar is a wildlife photojournalist, radio broadcaster, documentary filmmaker, blogger and author based in Bangalore India.

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